Organizational Philosophies and Technology Paper Essay

Organizational Philosophies and Technology Paper - Essay Example Technology can, very easily, support an ethical business culture. This requires the development of an organization culture of ethics first, before employing technology to maintain that culture despite situations that challenge the company’s values. Ethics is crucially important for the success (and failure) of companies. In particular, in the case of successful companies, ethics provides a framework for actions that are conducive to relationships with others, the environment, and the public. These actions bring about mutually beneficial results, which lay the foundation for positive public relations. In the case of failed companies, ethics provides a challenge to be overcome with immoral, and sometimes unlawful, acts. Ethics, taken in this way, is defined primarily by the moral, social, and organizational context of the company. Company culture must take into account this context. For instance, a cosmetics company that tests its products on live monkey and other animals may ha ve to deal with the ethical context with changing social attitudes toward testing on live animals. For instance, the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) trade-group, consisting of 600 member companies, has controlled vast amounts of resources in order to sway public opinion its animal testing since the industry came under scrutiny in the 1980s (Farsetta, 2006). Companies utilize technology not only to gain favor with the public, but also to maintain and manage their ethical standards and guidelines internally amongst its employees. One way to control how employees interact with customers or vendors is to observe the employees’ emails and telephone correspondence. Some interpret this as a necessary method for avoiding unethical situations with relation to employee-customer relationships; others interpret this as a breach of employee privacy. Another method is filtering searchable websites at the company’s office. A more effective means of managing the e thical corporate culture of one’s organization is to have employees agree with the company to conduct themselves in an ethical manner, according to the company’s values and ethical standards. In return, the employers then give the employees enough privacy in order to do their work effectively. This alternative seems to spare companies the duty of spying on their employees to the extent that current technology allows. From this case, it seems technology has a wide range for ethical and unethical uses in the 21st century business environment. Methods like monitoring employees and filtering viewable websites, while seemingly superficial, contribute to a culture of productivity that excludes actions that detract from the company’s fundamental values. Additionally, it is important for senior levels of management to lead by example: setting these values and working them into the company culture from the top-down. Through these individuals, the company culture and gene ral tone are set for the remainder of the workforce to follow. Managers can either set this example using technology by communicating instantly with all of their employees or giving their employees technology-enhanced values training. Each of these methods ensures that not only will employees treat customers with respect and integrity,

A New Ending to the Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

A New Ending to the Lord of the Flies Essay Instead of coming at me, like I thought he would he ran the opposite direction and started screaming at the top of his lungs. By now the fire was out of control; it was racing down the mountain side, faster than fast. I started to run again, this time I was running toward the beach. â€Å"I need to get the littluns to safety† I said to myself. I ran and ran to the beach and went to grab the conch were it should have been; but I stopped myself. The conch is gone just like Piggy. Shattered, into a million pieces. I fell to the ground with exhaustion and grief. I could feel the heat of the fire coming nearer and nearer. As Jacks hunters came closer to me I heard them chanting a different chant. I could have sworn that I hear Jack screaming in pain. Someone burst out of the trees, screaming in pain. â€Å"Jack,† I said to myself as I looked to see if I was right. Sure enough I was right, but this was worse than I imagined, he was on fire! Half of his body was burnt. He looked at me with a sad, hurt look. He ran past me and jumped into the ocean. Jack never resurfaced, and I wasn’t about to go and get him. I heard more screaming behind me. I knew they were coming after me so I ducked down and tried to not move. Maybe they won’t notice me. It must have been ten minutes before I heard any noise coming out of the forest. But as everyone gathered around me it became silent. â€Å"Is everything all right? † I heard a somewhat familiar voice say. I looked up to see who was talking. I started to talk, but as I saw who it was my mouth just stayed open. â€Å"Dad? † I said in unbelief. â€Å"I knew it. † I yelled as I got up and ran to him. He stared as if I was dead. Maybe I am dead and this is all a dream. As I jumped in to his arms I was assured that I was alive when he caught me. He whispered in my ear. â€Å"Ralph? Is that you? † â€Å"YES! † I yelled â€Å"it is me! † I said more quietly. I started to cry out of relief. Dad started to cry too. â€Å"I thought you were dead! † he said barely above a whisper. â€Å"Well, how many of you are there? † he asked getting up and putting me down. â€Å"Um, I really don’t know. There are a few kids dead. † I said the last part a little quieter. â€Å"Well than, who is the leader. Roger was standing next to me. When dad said this, I half expected him to claim the glory, and I was going to let him. Instead he backed up, as did all the other kids. Roger spoke up, â€Å"Ralph is the leader. † He said this with a sound of remorse. â€Å"Ralph? How could you let this happen? † dad sounded surprised that I could let everything get so out of hand . â€Å"I tried to keep everything under control, but when jack got mad and left, everything went out of hand. You can’t honestly think that I could keep control over twenty some boys. I said this and started to cry. â€Å"Well then I guess we should get you boy’s home. † My dad said with a look of guilt on his face. I don’t blame him, though. On the ride home I couldn’t help but ask how mom is. She is fine apparently. I can’t wait to see her. Dad said she couldn’t get over the fact that I was gone. When we made sure that every one was home and good, we made our way home. As we arrived to the house I was reminded of the day I left here some time ago. As I burst through the door to start my life over.

Stress Relieving Techniques for Organizational Stressors

Stress Relieving Techniques for Organizational Stressors Usame Mukerrem ATAÂ   Why this article? This article studies the stress that we are commonly facing in the organizations. We can say that nowadays, managers are complaining about the reluctant workers and non-efficient productivity. With this article we are going to examine this topic. Lets think about this, what do we understand with the expression called organizational stress? According to Lazarus and Folkman (1984), organizational stress is a result of the interaction between an employees personal characteristics, their work environment, the outcome expected from them, and their coping ability. An important part of our daily life is passing at work. Stresses that we experienced at work are definitely related to working conditions. However, there are individual factors, such as; Difficulties of dealing with stress due to personality traits, family issues or other sources of social support, and the roles played in other areas of life. This are definitely causing high tension of stress. On the other hand, the stress at work is reflecting other spaces of the person. We can control the working conditions to a certain extent; we have to focus on the idea that we can deal with these conditions first, rather than setting new targets even if we are in difficult conditions. So in this article we can find some help to solve stress issues. Relation with recent topic? Emotions and moods are not same things but they are related to each other. We cannot separate them sharply but we cant tell that theyre definitely different. Stress stays between this two conditions. Sometimes you can express it like emotion, but sometimes it is hard to be expressed. Stress are also changes a lot according to type. They can last long such as moods or takes a short duration such as emotion. We call the long-duration stress as anxiety. Organizational stress are aroused by some specific situation such as; Concentration difficulty, instability, constantly evaluating the situation negatively, anxious and quick thinking and constant concerns. Modern life is full of challenges, conflicts, demands and tasks to be trained. For many people, stress has now become a regular part of life. Stress is not always bad; sometimes it can motivate us to do the best. Most of the time we can do better while we are in under pressure. But if we are consistently in an emergency, our body and mind will pay for it with a stress and at the end as an anxiety. So we should practice more to solve and get over. Empirical Article- What are the variables? How theyre measured? What was the sample size? What method was used for collecting data? There were 2 hypothesis; H01: Organizational stressors and stress relieving techniques are independent of each other. H02: Organizational stressors stress relieving techniques have no relationship with demographic variables. In this exploration there were 118 representatives and 39 of them were female and 79 of the workers were males (Samples). This workers joined this questionnaire from different employment sectors and from different cities in India. Sampling method was utilized as a part of the article, which were chosen through importance inspecting. (Chandra Kant, N. R., Pradhan, S., 2016). The data collection was done by self-report questionnaire. Stress relieving-techniques were likewise utilized by respondents to accumulate data about existing stressors at work. For the Variables ID Stress has various measurements. Face-to-face-in-depth interviews were held to collect information about stress-relieving techniques and to understand existing stressors initially. This existing stressors by employees were noted one by one. 25 interviews carried out in Pune and Bangalore. What is important finding/take-away that you feel has helped you understand more about management or that you think would most help managers in organizations? In the article, you can see a significant negative correlation between work and pressure, which indicates that stresses is more frequent in permanent employees. Job pressure and family status have a significant positive relationship; i.e. the work pressure is high in the people who lives in common families. The role conflict has a significant positive relationship with monthly income, that is, the increase in monthly income increases the stress of role conflict. We can also say that there is a significant negative correlation between music and work situation. Music and Situation shows that employees who are primarily permanent and living in core families use Music as a stress-softening technique. This shows that the employees in the conflict role at the task level use Music as a stress-relieving technique than other techniques. Workers with job insecurity use Relaxation to relieve their stress and employees without adequate support tries to socialize. In my perspective, Emotional intelligence is also a big necessity in business life. People with high emotional intelligence have a strong empathy ability and are reconciled. Target-minded thinkers can raise awareness, manage stress easily, and control their anger. They insist with knowing what they can do, they can work together with any type of team and motivate the team to increase the success. People with high EI become ideal managers and such people become ideal employees. At the same time they might be loved by the people around them. Stress and anxiety are always seen when you look at the reason of each disease. For this reason, it is necessary to get rid of the anxiety before it becomes clear without accumulating sadness. If you control Emotional Intelligence you deal with the stress and anxiety in long term. Brief Description of the journal. CLEAR International Journal of Research in Commerce Management. Mar2016, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p93-98. 6p. 423850 Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Author Affiliations: Research scholar, symbiosis international university, Mulshi Consultant, homoeopathic psychiatrist, Pune Consultant psychologist, Fortis hospital, Bangalore References CHANDRA KANT, N. R., PRADHAN, S. (2016). STRESS RELIEVING TECHNIQUES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS. CLEAR International Journal Of Research In Commerce Management, 7(3), 93-98.

Essay --

Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States, utilized his executive powers more like that of William Howard Taft. President Taft believed in the literalist concept of presidential power, firmly expressing that the president can only exercise power within a strict interpretation of the Constitution of the United States. As a stringent believer of integrity and constitutionality, President Harrison fits Taft’s view. When he was first elected in 1889, Harrison practiced the merit system in choosing cabinet members and officials despite receiving ridicule from his Republican Party members for not abiding with the contemporary patronage system. His use of executive power in his presidency was, with few exceptions, thoroughly constitutional. He would usually ensure that his trust-busting bills, protectionist policies, and domestic policies like the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Anti-Trust act of 1890 fell under the boundaries of his executive powers and the Constitu tion. He was also demanding in asking for authorizations from Congress for foreign policy approval and, he even respected Congress’s constitutional ability to declare war. For major projects and policies, he depended on the treaty power rather than executive agreement, which can skip legislative power. Growing up in North Bend Ohio as a child, Mr. Benjamin Harrison had a pretty rural upbringing in which he did farm work and studied with private tutors at home. As a young boy, Harrison cherished a sense of order and self-assurance since peers and family closely surrounded him. However, many perceived his confidence as arrogance. During his pre-presidential political days, he gradually developed a stiff and formal personality; making him quite aloof. When he ... ...residential career to the end of it, President Benjamin Harrison interpreted the U.S. constitution with a strict literalist view; believing that following the constitution and its specific clauses almost word for word was the most effective and less stressful way to run the executive branch of government. Though his Taft-like approach did not seem to make him a really notable, Harrison is significantly credited with having done much to America’s foreign policy; moving the nation along the path to world empire than any previous President and serving as a model for the young Theodore Roosevelt and other aspiring presidents to admire and emulate. By playing it safe and not going beyond the interpretation of the constitution, Harrison eluded any controversy of overstepping his bounds, but at the cost of just being known as an average president who rarely took any risks.

Alcohol Drinking in Germany

Alcohol has the tendency to be a cause of death for a vast number of people. The consumption of alcohol can also have a consequence on your brain which in turn makes you tremble at the same time as loosing control over all of your senses, and it can also kill parts of your brain cells. What is more is that alcohol consumption can cause your liver to depreciate and not function appropriately.Liver transplants are not easy to take place and they rarely take place. Even if it does take place it is hard for a person with liver transplant to survive for too long. Even though it is general knowledge that alcohol consumption has the tendency to kill people, still there are millions of people who consume great amounts of alcohol on daily basis (Martina, Gert, Eckardt and Klaus, 2003).As known to all, Germany is perhaps one of the most alcohol-drinking nations from all over Europe, ranking fifth right after Luxembourg, Hungary, Czech Republic and Ireland. Only a small percent of about five pe rcent of the people of Germany seem to call themselves as teetotalers, which are people who   completely abstain themselves from the use of alcoholic beverages, ranking it, after Luxembourg as the European nation that has the lowest percentage of people who do not drink at all.With reference According to the World Health Organization, and as has been proved by a vast number of studies, the whole of Europe is said to have the highest amount of alcohol consumption with comparison to all of the other parts of the world rating it per capita consumption as twice as high as compared with the average of the entire world.AnalysisAs has been mentioned before, the most prevalent problem in the whole of Germany is said to be of alcohol consumption abd dependance on it as well. This is a statement that has been verified by Peter Lang, who is basically the head of drug prevention and abuse at the German Center for Health Education (Ryan, 2006).Basically alcohol abuse is said to be the most com mon as well as the largest of all social problems within Germany. As is known to all, Bildunterschrift:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dangerous and detrimental using up is without a doubt connected with a number of psychosomatic, communal and physical condition problems, and in addition has a considerable economic bang on the social order as a whole.In the words of Peter Lang, â€Å"It's difficult to say what is causing this, because alcohol is more or less an accepted drug in a lot of circumstances, like for parties or other social occasions. If you compare Germany to countries like the US, there is drinking in public that is different and more accepted. Consuming alcohol during the day is really more accepted here in Germany,† (Ryan, 2006).

The Essential 55 by Ron Clark for Elementary Students

The Essential 55 by Ron Clark for Elementary Students A few years ago, I watched Disneys Teacher of the Year Ron Clark on the Oprah Winfrey Show. He told the inspirational story of how he had developed and implemented a set of 55 essential rules for success in his classroom. He and Oprah discussed the essential 55 things that adults (both parents and teachers) need to teach children and hold them accountable for. He compiled these rules into a book called The Essential 55. Eventually he wrote a second book called The Essential 11. Some of the Essential 55 rules surprised me with their mundane nature. For example, If you dont say thank you within 30 seconds, Im taking it back. Or, If someone asks you a question, you need to answer it and then ask a question yourself. That last one has always been one of my pet peeves with children. Here are some of the ideas that Ron Clark says are essential for kids to learn: Make eye contactRespect other; ideas and opinionsDo not save seatsSay thank you within three seconds of receiving somethingWhen you win, do not brag; when you lose, do not show angerDo your homework each and every night without failDo not talk in a movie theaterBe the best person you can beAlways be honestIf you are asked a question in conversation, ask a question in returnPerform random acts of kindnessLearn the names of all the teachers in the school and greet themIf someone bumps into you, even if it was not your fault , say excuse meStand up for what you believe in To tell you the truth, I had felt fed up with students general lack of manners for quite awhile. For some reason, it hadnt occurred to me to teach good manner explicitly. I figured this was something that parents would teach their children at home. Also, theres such a big push towards standards and test scores in my district that I didnt see how I could get away with teaching manners and common courtesies. But, after hearing Rons passion and his students gratitude for what he had taught them, I knew I had to give the concept a try. With Mr. Clarks book in hand and a determination to see solid improvement in how my students would treat me and their classmates in the coming school year, I set out to implement the program in my own way. First of all, feel free to adapt the 55 rules to your own needs, preferences, and personality. Ive adapted it to be Mrs. Lewis Essential 50. I got rid of some of the rules that didnt apply to my circumstances and added a few to reflect what I would really like to see in my classroom. After school started, I introduced the concept of my Essential 50 to my students. With each rule, we would take a few moments to discuss why its important and how it will look when we act a certain way. Role-playing and a frank, interactive discussion seemed to work best for me and my students. Right away, I saw a difference in my students behavior that has lasted for months. I taught them how to applaud for things that they like, so now they applaud whenever anyone enters the classroom. It makes the visitor feel so welcome and it always makes me smile because its so cute! Also, they have really taken to answering me formally, saying Yes, Mrs. Lewis or No, Mrs. Lewis. Sometimes its hard to fit a non-academic subject like the Essential 55 into your busy day. I struggle with it, too. But its definitely worth it when you see such a visible and lasting improvement in your students behavior and manners. If you havent checked out Ron Clarks The Essential 55 for yourself, pick up a copy as soon as you can. Even if its mid-year, its never too late to teach your students valuable lessons that they will likely remember for years to come.

Free Essays on Adolescence

Adolescence is a long period in a person’s life when they are making the transition from childhood to adulthood. This socially constructed period of growth is a time that entails a lot of transformations, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. This time period lasts almost a decade and I have to agree that this stage in a developing child’s life is a very stressful period of unquestionable adjustment and change. Physical and biological changes that occur during adolescence are a rapid growth in height and weight, changes in body proportions and form, and attainment of sexual maturity. Hormonal changes during this time are associated with heightened moodiness and emotionality, aggression, and depression. A cognitive change that occurs with the adolescence period is a change in the thought process. The speed of information processing continues to increase and thinking may remain somewhat immature, but they are now capable of abstract reasoning and sophisticated moral judgments At a psychosocial level adolescents are often in search for their own identity. This process of finding one’s self is a vital process that builds on achievements of earlier stages in development and lays the foundation for coping with the crises of adult life. Relationships with family and peers, sexuality, and values all influence a person’s achievement of identity. Self image, attitudes, and personalities are all factors in determining one’s identity. After reviewing each developmental part of adolescence, it is obvious that there is a lot of change happening at this stage of maturity. This period causes stress for adolescents because of the new experiences and feelings they are being exposed to. Besides all of the unexpected biological changes, the social and cognitive changes that are occurring cause uneasiness and anxiety among them. Are they children or are they adults? This question is not clearly answered by... Free Essays on Adolescence Free Essays on Adolescence Adolescence is a time of â€Å"storm and strife†. Adolescence is a period of time between childhood and adulthood. This is the age when one can either make something of his life or destroy it all, this is the time when a person makes those friends who changes the how he looks at life and how he faces it. An adolescent's main goal these days is to fit in and not be different from their peers. In this paper I will explore the probabilities of the following grievances experienced by the adolescent youth which are drugs, suicide, and homelessness. : : Body of the Essay : : Adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood; it generally refers to a period ranging from teen years through 20s. As now life is growing more complex, however, adolescents are increasingly cut off from the activities of their elders, leaving most young people with education as their sole occupation. Inexorably, this has isolated many of them from the adult world and has prolonged their adolescence. Now almost all over the world the adolescent years have become marked by violence to an alarming degree. The phenomenon of teenage suicide has become particularly disturbing, but risk-taking behaviors of many sorts can be observed, including alcohol and drug abuse. Adolescents only want to have fun and go to parties. They get addicted to drugs and start to revolve their lives around drugs. Some get arrested and others encounter death. Addiction is so powerful that it takes control of people's brains and only tells them to do wrong. Drugs are highly Addictive, and most of the adolescents main goal is to fit in the group by doing what the whole group does, this is how they get into crack, booze, pot and crystal. Dr. Nowinski's book in which he states his study of Adolescents drugs and addicts describes specific cases of adolescent drug abuse that he has worked with. He describes the different patterns of adolescent drug abuse and the causes of such ty... Free Essays on Adolescence Adolescence is a long period in a person’s life when they are making the transition from childhood to adulthood. This socially constructed period of growth is a time that entails a lot of transformations, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. This time period lasts almost a decade and I have to agree that this stage in a developing child’s life is a very stressful period of unquestionable adjustment and change. Physical and biological changes that occur during adolescence are a rapid growth in height and weight, changes in body proportions and form, and attainment of sexual maturity. Hormonal changes during this time are associated with heightened moodiness and emotionality, aggression, and depression. A cognitive change that occurs with the adolescence period is a change in the thought process. The speed of information processing continues to increase and thinking may remain somewhat immature, but they are now capable of abstract reasoning and sophisticated moral judgments At a psychosocial level adolescents are often in search for their own identity. This process of finding one’s self is a vital process that builds on achievements of earlier stages in development and lays the foundation for coping with the crises of adult life. Relationships with family and peers, sexuality, and values all influence a person’s achievement of identity. Self image, attitudes, and personalities are all factors in determining one’s identity. After reviewing each developmental part of adolescence, it is obvious that there is a lot of change happening at this stage of maturity. This period causes stress for adolescents because of the new experiences and feelings they are being exposed to. Besides all of the unexpected biological changes, the social and cognitive changes that are occurring cause uneasiness and anxiety among them. Are they children or are they adults? This question is not clearly answered by...

An Overview of Political Conservatism

An Overview of Political Conservatism Principles Ideologies Political conservatism is a term applied to people who believe in: Economic liberty and the central role of free enterprise in American societyA small, non-invasive governmentA strong national defense focused on protection and the fight against terrorism The most influential national political organization for conservatives in the US is the Republican party, although the recent Tea Party phenomenon is perhaps the most tightly aligned with the ideologies mentioned above. There are also many advocacy groups that focus on the promotion of these initiatives. Ancillary Principles Ideologies Conservatives are often wrongly equated with the Christian-right. For years, social conservatives held a firm grip on the Republican Party and by extension the entire conservative movement. For religious conservatives, the principles and ideologies mentioned above are ancillary to the wedge issues that threaten Christian culture. These include: Traditional family values and the sanctity of marriageA commitment to faith and religionThe right to life for every human being While many mainstream conservatives agree with these concepts, most believe they are secondary to the core tenets mentioned previously. Political Leaders Most conservative political leaders tend to be Republican. In most cases, Republican politicians seek to gain the trust of the conservative community. President Ronald Reagan was perhaps the modern conservative movements most important political leader. He ushered in a number of socially conservative initiatives and is widely regarded as the icon of political conservatism. The father of modern conservatism, who was known as Mr. Conservative, was Barry Goldwater. Other conservative leaders have included notable figures such as Newt Gingrich, Robert Walker, George H.W. Bush and Strom Thurmond. Conservative Justices, Media Intellectuals Outside Congress and the White House, the Supreme Court and the national media have a strong influence on US conservative politics and perspectives. Supreme Court Justices William Rehnquist, Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and judge Robert Bork have all had a major impact on the interpretation of law. In the media, Rush Limbaugh, Patrick Buchanan, Ann Coulter, and Sean Hannity are seen as the conservatives whose opinions have tremendous influence today. In the 20th Century, Russell Kirk and William F. Buckley Jr. were perhaps the most influential and highly regarded conservative intellectuals. Campaigns Elections To be an effective political leader, a conservative must first run an effective campaign. Perhaps no other campaign has been as important to the conservative movement as the one run in 1964 between Mr. Conservative Barry Goldwater and Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson. Although Goldwater lost, the principles he fought for and the legacy he left have resounded with conservatives ever since. Nevertheless, conservatives who run campaigns today often appeal to social conservatives, using abortion, the second amendment, the sanctity of marriage, school prayer and the War on Terror as the key planks in their political platforms. War on Terror In the 20th Century, the Vietnam war stiffened the resolve of conservatives to never again suffer defeat at the hands of a foreign enemy. The War on Terror began with the attack on 9/11, and conservatives remain largely divided about what the battle parameters should be. Most believe the War on Terror must be won at all costs. The decision to invade Afghanistan to search for Osama bin Laden found favor with many conservatives as did the invasion of Iraq to find al Queda operatives. Despite liberal opposition, conservatives see victory in Iraq as the key front in the war against international terrorism. Division of Church State Because conservatives have such a strong belief in small, non-invasive government, most believe the state shouldnt dictate morality or interfere with the church. Conversely, they believe that although government should be free of religion, it shouldnt be free from religion. To conservatives, school prayer isnt an exercise of the institution, but of the individual and should, therefore, be allowed. Most conservatives oppose the idea of a welfare state and believe the government should regulate standards, not appropriate funding, since private organizations are often better equipped to deal with social problems. Abortion Stem Cell Research For social conservatives, no other issue is as important as abortion. Christian conservatives believe in the sanctity of all life including embryos and believe it is morally wrong to abort living fetuses. Consequently, the pro-life movement and the fight against abortion rights is often incorrectly equated with the conservative movement as a whole. While most conservatives are pro-life, the issues gray areas make it as highly debatable inside the conservative movement as they do anywhere else. Still, most conservatives believe abortion is the same as murder and, like murder, should be against the law. Capital Punishment The death penalty debate is another very controversial issue among conservatives. Opinions vary and depend mostly on what type of conservative ideology the person espouses. Compassionate conservatives believe in the Christian concept of forgiveness and compassion, whereas other types of conservatives believe that when justice for murder is delivered, the punishment should fit the crime. In most cases, conservatives believe the well-being of the victim is more important than that of the criminal, and thus capital punishment is justified. Others believe in rehabilitation and a life of repentance and service to God. Economy Taxes Libertarians and Constitutionalists are natural fiscal conservatives due to their desire to reduce government spending, pay off the national debt and shrink the size and scope of government. Although the Republican Party is most often credited with reducing government waste, but big-spending from the most recent GOP administration has hurt the partys reputation. Most conservatives identify themselves as fiscal conservatives because of their desire to deregulate the economy through lower taxes and incentives for small businesses. Most conservatives believe the government should leave the private sector alone. Education, Environment Foreign Policy The most important education issue concerning conservatives has to do with how the theories of creation and evolution are taught in schools. Social conservatives believe that, at the very least, the biblical concept of creation should be taught as an alternative to the evolution theory. More radical creationists believe evolution shouldnt be taught at all because it undermines the notion of mankind being created in Gods image. Another issue is school vouchers, which give parents the freedom to choose which school their children should attend. Conservatives are largely in favor of education vouchers, believing it to be their right to choose where their children receive their education. Conservatives have traditionally argued that global warming was a myth, but recent scientific evidence has indicated it to be a reality. In the face of these overwhelming studies, some conservatives still cling to the idea that it is a myth and that the statistics are skewed. Other conservatives, such as crunchy conservatives, advocate for a cleaner, greener way of living and are in favor of providing the private sector with economic incentives to reduce pollution and develop alternative fuel sources. When it comes to foreign policy, conservatives are divided on this issue as well. Paleoconservatives take a largely non-interventionist approach to foreign policy, but neoconservatives believe that failure to intervene in international affairs is tantamount to isolationism and as such, stokes the flames of terrorism. Conservative Republicans in Washington are mostly neoconservatives, who support Isreal and the War on Terror.

How to Think Theologically (HTTT) chapters 2,3 Reading Responses Assignment

How to Think Theologically (HTTT) chapters 2,3 Reading Responses - Assignment Example Lastly, eschatology is the theological branch concerned with death, judgement and eventual destiny of humankind and his soul. Q2. At times, two different people read a similar section of the Bible but end up having entirely different interpretations of the same. For instance, someone reading the book of Job can have his interpretation that temptation comes from God (Stone and Duke, 2013). This is in relation with God’s acceptance to have his servant Job tempted. Another would view it different and conclude that temptations are Satanic in nature as the whole idea of bringing calamities upon Job came from Satan. This happens because different Christians have varied theological backgrounds depending on how they were made to understand the bible right from Childhood. Q3. Correlation of different ideas involves bringing of two distinct ones together. For several years, this has been done by Christians in the journey of spiritual growth. As such, they tend to harmonize theology as a subject with their daily encounters. This helps Christians to carry out their ordinary lives basing on how they understand the Bible. Q4. Offering an evaluation of the rationale and trustworthiness of a belief entails deliberating on multiple conflicting issues. Thus, it helps in understanding of the Christian faith when initial perceptions of the same no longer seem tenable enough (Stone and Duke, 2013). Christians do this when seeking clarity on varied Christian concepts. Consequently, people weigh the available options alongside the merits of taking a particular direction. This is essential in the deeper understanding of the scriptures. In taking considerations, four of the most common tests of adequacy are often involved; Christian appropriateness, intelligibility, moral integrity and validity. Christian relevance involves the assessment of theology with regards to its faithfulness to the Christian message. Intelligibility, on the other hand, is

Im attaching the file that has all the information you need Essay

Im attaching the file that has all the information you need - Essay Example In other disciplines, mostly economics, international relations, political science, cultural studies, films and media, marketing and advertising, and communication, the probable date when globalization actually began was from1970s. It is difficult to comprehend such a significant occurrence in world history just began in the last four or three decades ago. These occurrences that began in about four decades ago merely accelerated the process of globalization, and as such they do not predict the actual date of globalization, they are just the antecedents of globalization. This paper seeks to get the deeper meaning and definition of the term globalization and the important factors that accelerated it. The paper also analyses three different phenomena which show indicate the existence and slow spread of globalization which dates back nearly 600 years ago and finally I would carefully present my own perception of the concept. Shortcomings of the Presentist Approach The mere understanding of the concept of globalization from the perspective of complex connectivity only refer to the concept in modern times, but ideally the analysis of the term implies economic, social, cultural, and political activities of human began much further in time. The term globalization was initially used in the business disciplines; in fact, it was first used in this field in 1970s, is has since spread out to other studies. According to Jones ‘†¦.thinkers began to refer to this process as globalization and by the 1980s this was already becoming one of the key vogue concepts pushed in both the academic literature on management and in the popular business literature†. The rise in the use of the term is mostly associated with the post war periods when many multinational corporations were setting up footprints in other countries, then the growth in information and communication technology, jet travel, global value chains, global advertising and global finance. The presentist vie ws of the term globalization do reveal very many short comings of their understanding of the term. First, due to their leanings, very many research works on globalization tends to overlook structural patterns, they present as original the older features and misreading of contemporary trends. Second, this view implies a Eurocentric view, meaning that world history probably began with the rise of western imperialism many dub it as the â€Å"the rise of the west†. Consequently, this perception of globalization ignores or down plays contribution to globalization by non western societies. These perceptions tend to downplay the historical perspective of the concept and present a narrow understanding of both history and globalization with understanding of the term modernity. Vary many historians have accounted for the concept without necessarily referring to the word itself, in fact; they recorded happenings that implied globalization before the advent of the word globalization. By any account, this is merely a semantic problem, as historians have found evidence of wide and deep infrastructures of global network amongst different societies without necessarily using the term globalization. Globalization is an approach that asserts that the world has never been isolated, unconnected communities, trade and other social interactions have

Criminal Justice Field Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice Field - Case Study Example According to her statement, it is quite clear that she was aware of her husband's habit of stealing and indicated that he was doing it in order to support them. Some of the stolen items were also listed in the statement in conjunction with Whitehead's comments on to their ownership (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 2). However, during the trial in Circuit court for the city of Danville, Whitehead denounced everything she had indicated in her statement. She went ahead and claimed that she did not know about Walden's habit of breaking into people's cars. Instead all she knew was that Walden returned with a bunch of things including money. However, during the cross examination, Whitehead admitted that the items brought back to the apartment by Walden were not his. In a contradicting statement, Walden denied having never given Whitehead any stolen item though he pled guilty on the issue. From the issued statements, the trial court decided to bring together Whitehead's forty denunciations to thirty two counts for accepting stolen items from her husband (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 3). In return, the court passed a ruling for each count. Later on, during a sentencing hearing the thirty two counts were reduced to six counts whereby Whitehead was sentenced to five year's imprisonment with four years suspended on each count, for a total of 30 years imprisonment with 24 years suspended. However, the trial court withheld the sentencing on the remaining 26 counts conditioned on 25 years of good behavior. Appearing before another judge in the same court who had been asked by the common wealth to cancel her suspension, Whitehead pled guilty for violating her probation. Consequently, the trial court cancelled its prior suspension and sentenced her to seventeen years, four months of imprisonment with 12 years, four months suspended, for a total of 5 years in addition to her sentences of the new conviction (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 4). The court of appeals confirmed the new convictions and the revocation order in an unpublished opinion indicating that the evidence was adequate to support the court's sentencing. From the information obtained, I tend to disagree with the court of appeal's ruling on Whiteheads case; confirming Whitehead's convictions and the trial court's order of revocation of her probation. This is due to the fact that the common wealth never contended that Whitehead was involved in the actual theft of items or that she received the stolen properties from Walden. Although, there was some contradicting information from Walden regarding her awareness on the stolen items, the court of appeal should have gone a step further and investigate the case. Jeffrey Wayne Rowe v. Record No. 081173 Case It was around 1:30 am on July 9, 2005 when Officer Brian J. Fair of the Virginia Beach police department noticed a truck being driven recklessly. At the moment, he was in his dark blue uniform and was driving his personal car on his way home. He immediately contacted the Virginia Beach police dispatcher requesting for the notification of the incident to the Virginia state police since he believed that the truck driver (Rowe) was drunk. However, he was informed that there were no available state police

Blog and nots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog and nots - Essay Example The text is also more allusive, drawing on texts from various Mexican corridors and French feminist theory. Anzaldua character traits are of great importance for any philosophy of the social, within the writing. Critical insights of figures like of Derrida and Nietzsche as it relates to individual identity crafted out of a fractured heritage (Anzaldua). The author information is that, borders all lenders given that the human condition entails being stretched across the chasm of self-alterity. It is through full identification of this can a major inventory of the self-operate; that is a prerequisite for the responsibility and genuine care for oneself. In addition, the book opens up doors of consciousness for many in their own spiritual as well as a creative life. I, therefore, strongly recommend that one should read the book at night before sleeping. It is a literature that expands the dreams of consciousness. In a semi-autobiographical account, Anzaldua agrees with her Chicana lesbian identity to appreciate the components of its existence. In addition, author’s lesbian nature has traces of both female and male characters, but Anzaldua culture is a mixture of many different cultures and races. By employing English and Spanish in the writing, the author demonstrates that the literature of Chicana cannot be in one language. Cultural identity is of great importance to Anzaldua but claims that culture of individuals in power referring to men. Males make laws and the rules, laws, but it is women who transmit them. By going beyond the limits of either Mexican or American culture, Chicana literature gives a voice to individuals of the borderland. Apart from the physical border between Mexico and America, as well as the linguistic border between English and Spanish, Anzaldua also explains the boundaries of gender and sexuality in

Cognitive theories do not provide a full explanation of autism Assignment

Cognitive theories do not provide a full explanation of autism spectrum conditions. Discuss - Assignment Example It is the goal of this paper to discuss autism spectrum conditions, cognitive theories which aim to provide an understanding of it, the failure to achieve this and the reasons for the failure that relate to the complex nature of autism. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) defines Autism Spectrum Disorders as â€Å"a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviour†. Being a spectrum disorder or condition, this also implies that autism is manifested according to a range of degree of severity (Baron-Cohen 2008). ASDs are conditions that largely affect the social abilities of a person and consequently the progress to most aspects of developmental growth. ASDs are generally recognized through its main symptom which is reliably detected, that is the deficiency in verbal and nonverbal communication (Baron-Cohen e t al. 1985). On one side, it may appear that an individual with ASD is completely deficient of social skills, language and key learning capabilities. In this case, this is diagnosed as classic autism (Baron-Cohen 2008). ... These two extremities are both recognized under ADS. Common characteristics of these diagnoses are the strong inclination of the individual to engage in routinary and repetitive activities, and that they can be exceptionally consumed in topics of their interest. It is reported that 1% of the population have autism (Baron-Cohen 2008; Gillberg 2004). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders It is alarming that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (2012) Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDM) reports that one in 88 children in United States has been identified with ASD. ADDM was able to identify in their studies that ASD reaches its peak manifestation at age 8 while symptoms are typically revealing even before the age of 3 years old (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012). Understanding the ASD by methods of research and regular discussions indeed shows necessity at this current time as not only individuals and their families are bein g affected by this phenomenon. It can be regarded as a national and worldwide issue. The rise of ASD cases is expected as projected by a simple model created from various sources of autism data. Rogers 2011 shows a forecast of adults with autism to increase by over 600% using any extrapolation assumption. The care, support and management of ASDs are costly. In the United States, it costs over $12,000 to educate students with disabilities annually while for adults, it costs about $50,000 to $100,000 to support in a living set-up. These figures still vary according to age range of autism and also life longevity. Thus, this poses an imperative area of research for more detailed knowledge and understanding on the occurrence and extending of ASD cases.

Haier Group Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Haier Group Corporation - Essay Example This report provides answers to the four discussion questions of the case study. The content of the answers includes information about the company’s capabilities, strengths, and weakness, the value chain internal analysis and how the CEO can exploit the company’s resources to reach its goals. 1. The Haier Group Corporation is a Chinese based firm that was able to convert its medium size domestic manufacturing firm into a global giant during the past two decades. The company’s core product is home appliances in which they are 4th in the world, but the firm has not limited itself to single type product which has enabled Hair to have a diversified product offering of over 43 million products in 96 categories. The company has a superior logistics supply chain network that covers 160 countries around the world with over 50,000 sales outlets carrying their products. The size of the company and its established global network are two positive aspects of the operation which can be used by the firm to obtain a competitive advantage. The company diversification strategy and its global branding approach are two aspects that make their operation distinctive. The company is able to offer a wide array of products which makes doing business with Haier an attractive alternative for distributors and retailers worldwide. The business growth of this firm has been limited by a centralized approach. The company has openly favored expanding its manufacturing operations into developed nations in order to show that the firm cares about the community to establish an image of a local firm. Consumers tend to have greater loyalty for domestically produced products because they have a greater impact on the local economy in the form of revenues and job creation. Haier is a local producer in marketplaces such as the United States and Europe. A critical strategy that has allowed the company great acceptance in all the marketplaces they penetrate is the fact that their products are quality items at affordable prices.

Blog and nots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog and nots - Essay Example The text is also more allusive, drawing on texts from various Mexican corridors and French feminist theory. Anzaldua character traits are of great importance for any philosophy of the social, within the writing. Critical insights of figures like of Derrida and Nietzsche as it relates to individual identity crafted out of a fractured heritage (Anzaldua). The author information is that, borders all lenders given that the human condition entails being stretched across the chasm of self-alterity. It is through full identification of this can a major inventory of the self-operate; that is a prerequisite for the responsibility and genuine care for oneself. In addition, the book opens up doors of consciousness for many in their own spiritual as well as a creative life. I, therefore, strongly recommend that one should read the book at night before sleeping. It is a literature that expands the dreams of consciousness. In a semi-autobiographical account, Anzaldua agrees with her Chicana lesbian identity to appreciate the components of its existence. In addition, author’s lesbian nature has traces of both female and male characters, but Anzaldua culture is a mixture of many different cultures and races. By employing English and Spanish in the writing, the author demonstrates that the literature of Chicana cannot be in one language. Cultural identity is of great importance to Anzaldua but claims that culture of individuals in power referring to men. Males make laws and the rules, laws, but it is women who transmit them. By going beyond the limits of either Mexican or American culture, Chicana literature gives a voice to individuals of the borderland. Apart from the physical border between Mexico and America, as well as the linguistic border between English and Spanish, Anzaldua also explains the boundaries of gender and sexuality in

Haier Group Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Haier Group Corporation - Essay Example This report provides answers to the four discussion questions of the case study. The content of the answers includes information about the company’s capabilities, strengths, and weakness, the value chain internal analysis and how the CEO can exploit the company’s resources to reach its goals. 1. The Haier Group Corporation is a Chinese based firm that was able to convert its medium size domestic manufacturing firm into a global giant during the past two decades. The company’s core product is home appliances in which they are 4th in the world, but the firm has not limited itself to single type product which has enabled Hair to have a diversified product offering of over 43 million products in 96 categories. The company has a superior logistics supply chain network that covers 160 countries around the world with over 50,000 sales outlets carrying their products. The size of the company and its established global network are two positive aspects of the operation which can be used by the firm to obtain a competitive advantage. The company diversification strategy and its global branding approach are two aspects that make their operation distinctive. The company is able to offer a wide array of products which makes doing business with Haier an attractive alternative for distributors and retailers worldwide. The business growth of this firm has been limited by a centralized approach. The company has openly favored expanding its manufacturing operations into developed nations in order to show that the firm cares about the community to establish an image of a local firm. Consumers tend to have greater loyalty for domestically produced products because they have a greater impact on the local economy in the form of revenues and job creation. Haier is a local producer in marketplaces such as the United States and Europe. A critical strategy that has allowed the company great acceptance in all the marketplaces they penetrate is the fact that their products are quality items at affordable prices.

Kant Moral Law Theory Essay Example for Free

Kant Moral Law Theory Essay â€Å"Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe the oftener and more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.† – Kant (1788), pp, 193, 259 Immanuel Kant introduced and initiated his ‘moral law theory’ in the late 18th century. The doctrine in question sought to establish and constitute a supreme or absolute principle of morality. Kant disputes the existence of an ‘ethical system’, whereby moral obligations are obligations of ‘purpose’ or ‘reason’. The accuracy of actions [i.e. the rightness or wrongness of an individual deed] is determined by its configuration and conformity with regard to ‘moral law’. Evidently, according to Kant, an immoral transaction is invariably contemplated as an illogical or unreasonable occurrence or action. The supreme moral principle is a consistent working criterion that proves to be practically helpful and theoretically enlightening when used by rational agents as a guide for making personal choices (Kant VI). A supreme guiding moral principle must carry with it an absolute necessity and be done out of duty to the moral law in order to be free from corruption. Kant believed in a fair and impartial law. He accredited and affirmed the presence of an objective moral law that we, as humans, were/are able to identify with through the process of reasoning. Kant argued that we are able to recognise and distinguish moral law, without making reference to the possible consequence or outcome. Immanuel Kant declared a differentiation between statements [i.e. posteriori and priori] that he believed to coincide with moral law. A posteriori statement is one that is based on experience of the material world. In opposition, a priori statement requires no such knowledge; it is known independent of the phenomenal world. Furthermore, Kant continued to make additional distinctions with regard to analytic and synthetic statements. An analytic statement, he claims, is one that by its very nature is necessarily true, as the predicate is included within the definition of the subject. Example: – [â€Å"all squares have four sides†]. The previous statement is of an analytic nature, as the predicate, i.e. the square having four sides, is implicit and is part of the definition of the subject – [â€Å"square†]. An analytic statement is necessarily true – true by its own authority, and is purely explicative, as it tells us nothing new about the subject. In contrast, a synthetic statement is one in which the predicate is not included in the definition of the subject, and thus is not necessarily true. A synthetic statement also tells us something new about the subject. Prior to Kant, it was widely accepted that there were only two types of statement: a priori analytic and a posteriori synthetic. Kant accepted these two statements although believed there to be a third: a priori synthetic statement. These are statements that are known independent of experience that may or may not be true. Kant claimed that these priori synthetic principles are inherent within us and therefore subsequently form the basis of all moral decision making. Kant’s theory is based on and is primarily concerned with the aspect of ‘duty’. Kant believed and promoted the notion that to act morally is one’s ‘duty’, and one’s ‘duty’ is to act and proceed in accordance to the principles of moral law. Due to this, Kant’s theory is categorised and distinguished as a ‘deontological argument’. A deontological theory is one that maintains the moral rightness or wrongness of an action and depends on its fundamental qualities, and is independent of the nature of its consequence – â€Å"Duty for duty’s sake†. This perspective can be viewed in contrast to the beliefs and ‘rules’ associated and belonging to teleological arguments, i.e. utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of rationality he dubbed the â€Å"Categorical Imperative. The categorical imperative has derived from the initial belief and notion that humans base their moral judgment on pure reason alone. This view can be viewed in contrast to a ‘morality theory’, which assumed/s that human’s actions are guided by emotions or desires. Example: When deciding what I ought to say to a friend who is distraught. Rationale would dictate that I give sensible advice, whereas my emotions may impulsively tell me to give comfort and sympathy. The categorical imperative declares and differentiates between obligatory and forbidden actions, and places further emphasis on the notion of ‘duty’. This statement can be strengthened through the following quotation – [â€Å"All in imperatives command either hypothetically or categorically†¦ If the action would be good simply as a means to something else, then the imperative is hypothetical; but if the action is represented as a good in itself†¦ then the imperative is categorical.†]. Example: If someone tells me that they will buy me dinner if I give them a lift into town, then this is a conditional action and would fall into the hypothetical imperative category. Conversely, if I think that I should give my friend a lift into town with no other agenda (i.e. she will not buy me dinner because of it), then this is a categorical imperative because it is independent of my interest and could apply to other people as well as myself. There are three principles of the categorical imperative: * Universal law; * Treat humans as ends in themselves; * Act as if you live in a kingdom of ends. 1. The categorical imperative is [â€Å"Do not act on any principle that cannot be universalised†]. In other words, moral laws must be applied in all situations and all rational beings universally, without exception. 2. [â€Å"Act that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other human being, never merely as a means, but always at the time as an end.†] – The previous statement declares that we must never treat people as means to an end. You can never use human beings for another purpose, to exploit or enslave them. Humans are rational and the highest point of creation, and so demand unique treatment. 3. The quotation [â€Å"So act as if you were through your maxim a law-making member of a Kingdom of ends†] states Kant’s belief in the fact that humans should behave as though every other individual was an ‘end’. In conclusion, it is arguable that the categorical imperative possesses a sense of authority with regard to what actions are permitted and forbidden under Kant’s moral law theory.

Type 2 Diabetes Health Inequalities

Type 2 Diabetes Health Inequalities This paper will discuss diabetes mellitus, which is a chronic medical condition that worsens over time. The levels of glucose in the blood become too high because the body cannot use it properly. The pancreas fails to produce enough of the hormone insulin which controls the levels of glucose (WHO, 2002a). If diabetes is not treated, it can lead to heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, lower limb amputation, sexual dysfunction, and pregnancy complications in women (Diabetes UK, 2009). The paper will review health inequalities in people with diabetes living in the UK from the ethnic minority of the south Asian community (SAC). The focus will be on the most common preventable type 2 diabetes (T2D) in this community. This community is at higher risk of developing T2D, and cultural practices, for instance fasting if not managed appropriately makes their condition to become worsened. The community comprises a heterogeneous group of people of Afghanistan, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan origin that have different language, religion, culture and rates of diabetes especially T2D and live in all areas of the UK (Qiao, et al, 2003; Mohan, 2006; Katulanda, 2006, 2008). Their clustering in certain areas reflect the migration patterns such as a high intensity of Indians in the East and West Midlands as well as in Greater London, fairly low proportion of Pakistanis in Greater London and a high intensity in West Yorkshire and West Midlands (Raymond, 2009). Those of Bangla deshi origin are established mostly in Greater London particularly in Tower Hamlets with growing numbers in the West Midlands (Grace, 2008). The condition is not equally impacted upon every person in our society and considerable inequalities are present in the risk of disease development, access to health services and service quality, and in health outcomes in particular those with T2D. Since health is unequally distributed within and between populations, a health inequality arises where variations in health status exist or in the allocation of health determinants amongst various population groups. Also it can be from unjust or unfair differences in health determinants or outcomes within or between defined populations. An increased risk of developing diabetes is witnessed in those who are overweight, physically inactive or got a family history of diabetes. The UK is facing a huge increase in the number of people with diabetes from 1.4 million in 1996 to 2.5 million people diagnosed with T2D (Diabetes UK, 2009) and up to 500,000 undiagnosed cases (Department of Health, 2008). By 2025, it is estimated that more than four million people will have the condition. Also Department of Health states that understanding of diabetes in people differs significantly which further increase the complications of controlling and preventing the disease. Although there has been a lot of literature on social circumstances affecting health, a lot more needs to be done in facing challenges that will fully address health inequalities in this group of people with studies that are more inclusive of this group rather than of a focus of a single ethnic group. Epidemiology of Variations in Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and prevalence Type 2 diabetes continues to be one of the top public health challenges for the National Health Service (NHS, n.d.). Incidence of T2D is swiftly increasing globally, mostly for south Asian people living in urban areas (Qiao, et al, 2003; Riste, 2001). Although enormous steps have been made in detecting those with diabetes, there is yet a lot to be done to boost prevention and enhance services for the diagnosed, in addition to progressing with identifying new cases (Mayor, 2005). A four-fold to six-fold risk of developing T2D is bigger in south Asian individuals who get the disease at an earlier age, and have higher rates of renal and cardiovascular problems than do other ethnic groups (Burden, 1992; Mather, 1998). The completed local ethnic profiling in Liverpool (Lee, et al, 2000) established that people from ethnic groups (aged 40 years and over) were more likely to self report diabetes compared to white British in the same age group, indicating a greater occurrence of diabetes within ethnic groups. As reported in the Health Survey for England (2004), diabetes diagnosed by a doctor is nearly four times as common in Bangladeshi men, and nearly three times as common in Pakistani and Indian men in contrast to men in the general population. Also amongst women, the condition is more than five times as likely among Pakistani women, at least three times as likely in Bangladeshi women, and two-and-a-half times as likely in Indian women, compared with women in the general population. In the same survey, diabetes was highest among Indian men (2 per cent), Black African men (1.7 per cent) and Irish women (1.7 per cent) (Diabetes UK, 2009) (Table 1). Table 1: Showing the prevalence of self-reported, doctor-diagnosed diabetes in England by minority ethnic group and sex (Diabetes UK 2009). Source: Adapted from Diabetes UK 2009: Key statistics on diabetes. Diabetes complications and control The SAC has been identified of significantly having higher rates of diabetes-related complications (Chowdhury, 2002; Chandie and Shaw, 2006) such as diabetic reinopathy (Pradeepa, 2008), worse control of hypertension as shown in a study by Lanting, et al (2005), and according to Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2005). The above contributes to SAC suffering more from health problems than the majority population of the country they live in as they bear an unequal burden of the diabetes epidemic (Mohanty, 2005). There is need for studies from the SAC to examine effects of renal disease on mortality. Also improved ethnicity data would help to understand the incidence of end-stage renal disease complications in order to plan for effective control of the disease. Variations in quality of care and health service Similarly in any community, there are a variety of opinions and views over health and this is also witnessed amongst the SAC who live in the UK. In reviewing the research evidence, there is substantial data that ethnic minorities have a higher diabetes disease burden (Mohan, 2004; Muhopadhyay, 2005) and encounter variations in the quality of care they get (Howthorne, 2001). However, reports of problems in obtaining health care have emerged to be different among ethnic groups and the remainder of the UK population. It has to be noted that this community frequently needs to be dealt with in different ways from that of the White British community, but concurrently, age, gender, language and faith variations within the SAC should be valued when conveying health messages. Health care interventions that seek out to enhance diabetes care are likely to enhance health outcomes and bring down health variations amongst this community of people. This review also assimilates the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of such interventions. Ethnicity data collection in the UK has occurred twice, in 1991 and 2001 giving the ethnic composition of the English population where the Asian community comprised of 6.6% (UK census, 2001) forming a special population subgroup. In addition to largely belonging to the groups with lower socioeconomic position (Connolly, et al, 2000), their health status is also affected by their cultural practices and behaviour, circumstances of life before arrival to the host country, stress of migration, and adjustment to the new lifestyle in the UK (Mackenbach, 1997; Fischbacher, 2004; Greenhalgh, 2001). Although their need of health care is often heightened due to a poorer health status, utilisation of health services by the SAC is often held back by lack of understanding of the system and inadequate language skills. Evidence for inequalities in health among migrant populations in different host countries is as abundant as evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in health. This community faces a substantial amount of barriers to accessing care as already been noted. Stress has been another suggested factor where belonging to a minority group has been linked with accelerated stress levels (Abate and Chandalia, 2003) and the chances of T2D development has also been linked with stress (Mooy, et al, 2000). Abate and Chandalias (2003) study shows the effect of lifestyle factors on obesity and diabetes to be predominantly common within ethnic groups. This might be due to environmental changes from host country that promotes obesity and also predisposition to T2D in the SAC. A reduction in fibre consumption and increased intake of animal fats and processed carbohydrates are the major adjustments in dietary behaviours adopted by SAC. Diet and exercise are very important determinants of the variation in T2D in the SAC. While the main concern in public health is preventing diabetes, averting complications in those patients with confirmed diabetes is similarly imperative. The study by Gaede, etal (2003) shows evidence from randomised trials that this precedence can be accomplished by multi-factorial interventions, decreasing cardiovascular risk problems by up to 50%. The challenge remains on how to apply such interventions cost-effectively, particularly in high-risk ethnic groups such as south Asian patients, to minimise health inequalities that exist between SAC and the indigenous UK population (Barnett, 2006; Hanif, 2008). Despite the public health domain operating in addressing national patterns of health inequalities that bring about drawbacks among ethnic minority groups, significant recognition exist that regional, socioeconomic, and personal factors affect intra-group variations in risk (Alberti, 2007). The SAC requires those responsible for planning and delivering diabetes services to write policies that address their specific needs, extremes of age, hard to reach groups (such as the housebound, young adults), people living in institutions, the socially excluded, and taking account of the different needs of both genders. Issues of health inequalities have been a central focus within the health-related research community since the publication of the Black Report more than twenty years ago (Black, 1988). The deep-rooted and extensive temperament of health inequalities proposes that policy interventions will face meticulously difficult issues in formulating and putting into practice policy at national and local levels. To shed light precisely on those issues referred to above, i.e. the connections relating to health inequalities evidence, policy and implementation. In England, the government has asked for the primary care trusts (PCTs) to be at the fore front of the responsibility at a local level for dealing with inequalities in health. From 1997 the PCT and its previous organisations have sought to react to and apply government policies to deal with inequalities in health. Although there has been dedication and support for action on inequalities at Board level and together with senior management team, various barriers to local execution of policy on health inequalities have been met. A significant contextual factor has been the huge and re-emerging financial shortfall taken over by the PCT from its predecessor health authority. This has accentuated the priority given to attaining financial balance and access targets within NHS performance management. The SAC from the above evidence is likely to be served less well by the health services. The barriers to accessing care and health service Further to the concerns already raised in variations to quality of care and health service, barriers to accessing care by the SAC still exist. The issue of how places have an impact on health was addressed in studies by Picket and Pearl (2001); Macintyre, et al (2002) and Tunstall, et al (2004). As a result they showed an understanding of place-specific factors, cultures, and societies which are also required at the level of policy making in order to address health inequalities. Individuals from SAC who are excluded socially also comprise of prisoners, refugees and asylum seekers, and those with learning or mental health problems may be given poorer quality care. More than one of these risk factors may apply to some individuals in this community. There is a range of evidence that ethnic minorities have different health outcomes to those of the general population of the society in which they are living (Jenum, 2005; Britten, 2007; McElduff, 2005; Sahu, 2007). Furthermore, their diabet es is generally less well controlled in that it gets more serious more quickly and there are added health problems (Millett, 2007). The reasons for the rise in occurrence is not fully known though various factors might appear to contribute such as different levels of inactivity and physical fitness; social deprivation, a lack of education and/or employment (Diabetes UK, 2001). A number of barriers (consisting of language barriers, cultural differences, transport problems, poor knowledge of services) with regard to their motivation to try to find medical aid deter them from accessing the services required in managing their condition. Also limitations in speaking English makes it difficult to target the largest part of this risk-group with lifestyle interventions as SAC is relatively isolated from mainstream society and has variable knowledge of and motivation to make use of conventional services (Greenhalgh, 2005). The above still poses a lot of challenges in the elimination of the prevailing health inequalities. It is however, believed that the main barriers to physical activity (p.a.) in this group is lack of time due to extended working hours and household tasks. Furthermore, access to leisure and sporting facilities determined by their availability, costs and times they are open; the fear for individual safety in public open spaces; the absence of other persons from their community accessing the facilities, and, actual, or potential experiences of racism also contributes to barriers in accessing health services. Also dress codes for the women, absence of privacy in changing areas as well as lack of distinct gender provision possibly prevents the access to p.a. Since physical fitness and management of weight are very important with regard to preventing the onset of diabetes, these are also very important issues for this ethnic community. Type 2 diabetes is also most common among those subjected to socioeconomic deprivation which is linked with elevated levels of obesity and overweight, sedentary lifestyles, poor blood pressure control and smoking. However, other factors prevail that include reduced glucose control, referral bias, poor access to services and limited education with those subjected to social exclusion feeling a sense of despair that may put them off from developing a belief in themselves to control their diabetes successfully (BMA, 2004). Evaluation of strategies or measures in tackling T2D in the UK south Asian community Ever since the 1980s a lot of research has been gathered on the strong positive associations between inequalities and ill-health, including some showing that the health gap between the affluent and deprived is widening. The health of the nation strategy for England, cited that successful strategies for improving health have to be responsive to differences in health, and guidance was made available to health authorities (HAs) on decreasing such differences. However, there was no target on inequalities in the health strategy and not considerable known facts had been gathered on effective interventions. However, the emergent body of data on the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and ill health has revitalized the drive to tackle inequalities. Increased evidence also resulted in the establishment of a Chief Medical Officer working group to advise the Department of Health and the National Health Service on what it should be doing to tackle disparities in health. The findings of this group were published in 1995 in Variations in health: what can the Department of health do? Recommendations followed from it that HAs ought to have an inclusive plan that identifies and tackles differences, making it an important aspect in public health. The issue of inequalities in health is continuously felt to be extremely important within the department of health authorities as evidenced by the extensive analyses and completed and continuing projects in many HAs. The findings of the Black Report in the UK were no different in showing the disparities in health. However, health-care delivery in the SAC is more challenging because of cultural, communication, and comprehension difficulties, which along with social deprivation further complicate the achievement of defined targets (Stone, 2005). Shekelles (2003) study shows that payments for UK general practices based on their achievement of quality (Quality and Outcomes Framework) targets do not distinguish different ethnic groups. Shortfalls still exist in the quality of care available for those in hospital and various activities are taking place by the Joint British Diabetes Society. Diabetes UK as a member of the society created a tool being used by adults with diabetes to know what care to anticipate throughout a hospital stay. Furthermore, enhanced care packages based in the community have been associated with improved metabolic outcomes in some ethnic groups but have not been fully assessed in large randomised controlled trials. Such trials are scarce in people of south Asian ethnic origin (Gammon, 2008). Appropriate standards of care, tailored patient education and ease of access to services must be provided when needed (Diabetes UK, 2001). The United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS) assessed a community-based complex intervention that aimed to reduce cardiovascular risk in south Asian people with T2D (Davis, 2001; OHare, 2004). The intervention package was tailored to the needs of the south Asian community and consisted of additional time with a practice nurse, Asian link workers, and input from diabetes-specialist nurses, who were working to protocols to achieve clearly defined targets. The UKADS study hypothesis was that an enhanced care package for diabetes would improve cardiovascular risk profi le in patients of south Asian origin, with established T2D. Tackling health inequalities is important because inequality is widespread and in many cases this has widened over the last two decades. Unless concerted action is taken, most policies inadvertently widen health inequalities. The two national goals are specifically focused on health inequalities by following the National Service Framework for Diabetes (NSFD) that aims in the long term, up to and beyond 2010 to reduce health inequalities by tackling the wider determinants of health such as poverty, poor housing and education (DH, 2001). The integration of care plans for those with complex diabetes requirements should be put into service and for them to be effective, a dedicated budget is required. It should be noted that alleviating diabetes health inequalities is expensive and thus requires the government to encourage PCTs to channel their funding to their environment accordingly (deprived areas, diverse communities, e.t.c.). Although it has been widely accepted in the public health field that many cases of T2D could be slowed down or stopped with lifestyle interventions, there still exists challenges in the government acting to restrict advertising of foods high in salt, sugar, and/or fat as well as ensuring that Food Standards Agency guidelines are adhered to by food manufacturers. This will assist consumers to be more aware of the contents of processed foods thus contributing to reducing the burden of the disease. However, the NHS and government can gain knowledge from other programmes of work in the SAC (The Equal Access to Diabetes Healthcare Pilot Study established in Wolverhampton) on how improved care can be offered to all those not currently receiving adequate care. While the SAC is relatively concentrated in certain areas, others are more widely scattered and services must not ignore these groups because there are not large enough to warrant prioritisation. In 2004, Lewisham PCT undertook its own research that focussed on diabetes and hypertension for its ethnic minority populations with findings of service inadequacy consisting of cultural barriers. This resulted in a recommendation of a community based diabetes awareness education that addressed cultural beliefs and socioeconomic factors. In addition, cultural awareness was introduced to staff. Improvement in the field of health inequalities will eventually be revealed by complete decrease in preventable morbidity and mortality among those in this most at-risk group. Factors such as the dedication of HAs staff to the inequalities schema, the setting of priorities, increasing awareness, thorough and enlightening analyses, execution of interventions and alliance working are evidently significant in accomplishing this goal. It is to be hoped that recent national initiatives for talking socioeconomic differentials in health will allow and urge HAs and new local partners to completely take on their role and act to eliminate these present health inequalities in this community and others. Nevertheless, as brought to light by Acheson, a more strategic approach is needed and will be an essential marker of HAs seriously dealing with this issue. However, authorities on health inequalities at the international level have recommended that measuring health inequalities is a requirement t o developing strategies and programmes to deal with them (Wagstaff, 2000; Houweling, 2003). DISCUSSION Research has shown that there are individual differences in susceptibility to disease. Geofrey Rose taught us that the causes of population rates of disease may vary from the causes of personal cases (Rose, 1992; WHO, 2001). In Britain, the short-hand term inequalities in health refers to differences between social groups (Black, et al, 1988; The Stationery Office, 1998). The Black Report on Inequalities in Health was seen as putting forward an opposition between an approach to an account that concentrated on health behaviours and one that focussed on the material forms of life (Blane, 1985). Following Blacks report, one ought to think of health inequalities as coming from material situations of life not psychosocial factors (Lynch, 2000). However, health inequalities are not limited to those living in absolute deprivation but are witnessed in those living at a material level above the threshold required for good health (Morris, 2000). Material conditions and psychosocial factors are closely related (Marmot, 2001) which the association was also made in the Black Report. A component of the difficulty of inequalities in health has to do with education with circumstances at work, with job uncertainty and joblessness and the nature of the neighbourhoods. Subsequent to Blacks and a lot of the work prior to and ever since demonstrates that inequalities in h ealth show inequalities in society. However, up till now a small amount of UK studies have included south Asians (Bartlett, 2003; Sheikh, 2004; Jolly, 2004). Hussain-Gambles (2006) explored on the causes for their abstention in clinical trials, including motivation (e.g. helping society, improving ones health); and constraints (e.g. busy lifestyles, prior experiences and language difficulties). Professional views comprised of a lack of time and resources and insufficient sustainability. It has also been brought to light that south Asians are frequently explicitly left out due to the supposed cultural and communication problems (Greenhalgh, 1998; Erens, 2001; Rhodes, 2003; Baradaran, 2004; Vyas, 2003; Lawton, 2006), as well as studies where there might be language/literacy problems in getting informed permission. In addition, Choudhury (2008) shows that a lot of people from south Asian upbringing are reluctant to take part because they acknowledge their illness as an irreversible punishment from God or have a fear of wh at research actually entails. It is widely accepted that people with low socioeconomic positions have in general poorer self-rated health than persons with high socioeconomic status (kawachi, 1999; Lantz, 2001). Several theories have been put forward to explain observed social gradients in health (Elstad, 2000). The materialist or structural theory suggests an important role of the physical environment e.g. working conditions, material conditions, and housing environment. These theories further suggest that differences in the material environment of the social classes are the key determinants of health inequalities and inequalities in the use of health services which may operate directly (physically) or psycho-socially. However, in this review it is noted that the south Asian community might feel alienated from the wider society as a whole and having very little or no support at a local level for their needs. In some parts of the UK, the level of care that people get varies in accordance to place of residence and this means the non existence of a devoted service framework in place, service tumbles well under NICE suggested standards. Since individuals with diabetes require educational access, psychological and emotional help and care and care planning so that they deal with their own condition. Diabetes UK keep on prioritising collaborated self-management in its policy and campaigning activities, and request the government and the NHS to invest in improving services and infrastructure that assist in enhancing peoples lives and produces future benefits. The behavioural or lifestyles theory came to sight when individual risk factors for instance unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol use were recognized as health determinants. As already evidenced in this review on behavioural and cultural problems experienced within the SAC, this theory is relevant. The theory states that, social dissimilarity in beliefs towards health and actions are accounted for by an unhealthier lifestyle amongst those with deprived positions. Various social classes lifestyles are perceived as contributors to health that is excellent or poor which is considered to be actively chosen and thus open to transformation by way of promoting health. However, critics have argued that it can lead to a tactic of victim-blaming which contributes to widening of health variations as already cited in this review. The psychosocial theory proposes that unhealthy habits are a reaction to stress and a way to alleviate frustration and that social capital, social support, and autonomy represent key elements for good health (Marmot and Wilkinson, 1999; Marmot and Wilkinson, 2001). However, none of these theories have been able to completely explain social differences in health. It is important to separate the roles played by lifestyle, material factors, and psychosocial factors in health disparities. This will enable us to understand whether interventions should be aimed mainly at changes in lifestyle, in material conditions, or in the psychosocial environment. A view held by many sociologists is that explanations of health inequalities need to take into account both material inequalities and cultural/behavioural differences. Behaviours regarded as individual choices are chosen from within unequal social locations. Some privileged social locations facilitate or enable healthy lifestyles, whilst other deprived material locations prevent, hinder or militate against healthy choices. For instance, if an individual from the SAC is in an unskilled job that provides barely enough wages which in turn provides a small chance to make choices as a consumer. In circumstances like that certain irrational behaviours (e.g. smoking, fatty foods) may arise as rational coping strategies. Socioeconomic variations in health continue to be debatable as to whether they are by way of economic and material conditions or psychosocial factors like social support and employment control (Marmot and Wilkinson, 1999; Marmot and Wilkinson, 2001; WHO, 1997; Lynch, et al, 2000, Lynch, 2001). In addition, Denton (1999) and Alvarez-Dardet (2001) also highlighted the significance of lifestyle factors. The various opinions are focused on deviating theories that are also evidenced in this south Asian community on the causes of ill health (material/psychosocial factors) and whether ill health burden rests upon the individuals (lifestyle) or on society (structural factors). Van Lenthe (2004) suggested that in clarifying socioeconomic variations in health, all these factors play a role. Strategies or measures in tackling the health variations in UKs south Asians The government, NHS and partner organisations continue implementing strategies and policies to help tackle T2D variations in the SAC. Public policy development is a multifaceted and iterative process which in turn has to tackle the multiple causes of health inequalities. While we ought to be concerned with health inequality, health is a fundamental component of well-being, whether or not it is associated with inequality in other dimensions of well-being. Utilization of evidence is a vital part of this process if knowledge is provided that is significant to policy questions (on costs, effectiveness, etc.), if it fits in with the overall political vision, and has distinct potential for practical implementation. Presently in the UK, policy on health inequalities is perceived as evidence-informed and is a national priority as reflected in key targets. There is however, restrictions of the evidence base for effective interventions. Despite all efforts made in the past decade to gather substantial evidence to tackle the present T2D health inequalities, one would ask why we still have an increase in the prevalence of T2D in this community. However, the report presented by Diabetes UK and the South Asian Health Foundation (2009) promotes a correlation of work in partnerships and vibrant partnerships to thrive among researchers and organisations alike, to operate towards accomplishing major improvements in the understanding of diabetes and its impacts on this community living the UK. The same strong information basis is necessary for any health policy or health programme on tackling health variations thus calling for reliable research (i.e. valid, timely with relevant information) on the extent an d causes of health inequality presented in the SAC. The health equity audits (HEAs) identify how fairly services or other resources are distributed in relation to the health needs of different groups. They use evidence on inequalities to inform decisions on investment, service planning, commissioning and delivery, health equity audits should help organisations address inequalities in access to services and in health outcomes, such as the inequalities experienced by these minority ethnic groups. The Audit Commission Patient Survey previously highlighted significant gaps in patient knowledge, understanding and confidence in managing diabetes, which were substantially more pronounced for ethnic minorities than the white population. The 2001 Census revealed that from 10 ethnic minority households, six did not have English as their main language. Facilities accessible are often unsuitable such as where language and cultural barriers between healthcare and patients has often resulted in misunderstanding or even no information given at all. The PCTs and their partner organisations are required to consider the particular needs of their population, taking into account various needs and priorities within each community as per the 2005-2008 NHS Planning Guidance. Health inequalities have been retained as a key priority for the NHS, as set out in the NHS Operating

Life and Health Plan Essay -- Personal Narrative Health

I am in pretty good health right now where I am at in life. My family does not have a history of anything that can be described that could be foreseen as a problem. What I can talk about is a generalized health maintenance and plan for staying healthy that should be easy to follow and quite rewarding. I will talk about eating disorders specifically so as to adhere to the instruction of the assignment. Eating disorders are some of the top concerns with any person that has health concerns regarding food. To make sure that someone can be successful in achieving a healthy body it is important to set goals that you can adhere to. One goal that is very important to me is easily to live a long and productive life. This can be considered a physical exercise goal in the sense that without exercise you can not really expect the same rewarding health as you would with regular exercise. As another goal that would help in maintaining health I would like to set monthly targets for weight and physical fitness that are realistic and obtainable. By setting a personal target weight you can compare your weight once a week and see an accurate model of what is happening with your diet and exercise plan. Developing an exercise plan that keeps you motivated and makes the time spent fun and rewarding is important to ensure the best results from any plan. On the nutritional side of a goal oriented approach to health the best idea is the simplest. By watching your caloric intake and serving sizes you can c ut out a large amount of the fat causing nutrients as well as high sodium and other things that could potentially jeopardize your health plan. In order to achieve your goals you must keep to your plan easy to follow and keep it fun and motivated ... ..., December 31). Dripping With Sweat . Retrieved June 8, 2008, from Firstpath.com Web site: http://www.firstpath.com/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=firstpath/story.html?article=1219 Lawlor, Debbie (2001, March 31). The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. Retrieved June 8, 2008, from BMJ Web site: http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/322/7289/763 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, (2007, Dec 7). Food and Nutrition. Retrieved May 13, 2008, from Mayo Clinic Web site: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/food-and-nutrition/NU99999 Swenson, Jim (2006 October). Ask a Scientist. Retrieved May 13, 2008, from Argonne National Labrotory Web site: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/aas.htm med.umich.edu/1libr/sma/sma_fluids_sma.htm

Marketing :: essays research papers

Rockford Register Star Sunday, March 27, 2005 Business Section, Page 4C Hyundai, Kia shift gears to pass competition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this article, the Rockford Register Star discusses the most recent marketing changes in the Korean owned auto companies of Kia and Hyundai. The Korean cars are the second fastest growing car brand in America, trailing behind BMW. Kia and Hyundai had only two car models in 1999; and as of 2005 there are nine. They have announced their â€Å"24/7† plan that they say they will introduce seven new cars in the next twenty-four months. They plan to introduce and promote a new line of cars in the United States that appeal to the budget of everyone. They have lower end cheaper sedan cars and higher end luxury style sedans that may be a little more expensive that compare with that of the Honda Accord or Toyota Camry. The new line also included a sporty vehicle that will appeal to that of a gear-head teen who desires more power which ensuring a focus on safety with six air bags and the normal equipment that is standard on modern cars. (ABS, Electronic Stability Co ntrol, CD/Stereo, etc). Kia and Hyundai promises that their cars are reliable and worth the dollar. As said in â€Å"Consumer Reports Magazine†, The Hyundia Sonata was named most reliable car in the 2004 model year. The article states that with the introduction of these new cars and new quality standards, Kia and Hyundai will new competition for Japan’s Big 3 auto companies. The article stated that names Kia and Hyundai are now auto names respected and associated with quality and a standard of safety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article deals with our business class in a sense that Kia and Hyundai are creating cars and marketing them to appeal to all types of people in all ranges of income. These cars will have a reasonable price and yet have the quality of the industry standards. They are marketing these cars with a status of quality and reliability that is now associated with the Korean based auto companies to compete with other auto companies; both domestic and imported vehicles while at the same time offering a variety of styles to appease the desires of a vast group of ages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’ve learned that companies, if they want to be successful, need to market a product to the right people at the rice price. Also, companies need to market a product with a variety of styles to catch the eye of different shoppers.